ideas - Evolving Ideas: Why Does Evolution Matter Now? from pbs
ideas - Evolving Ideas: Why Does Evolution Matter Now? from pbs



Evolving Ideas: Why Does Evolution Matter Now? from pbs

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  • Duration (length): 09:20
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  • @5:10 Liam Neason ? 0.o - Rene Hourian
  • Evolving Ideas: Why Does Evolution Matter Now? from pbs *Evolving Ideas: Isn't Evolution Just a Theory?* " *Evolution as fact and theory* is the basis of a discussion in public and scientific discourse on the fundamental nature of the scientific philosophy and practice within evolutionary biology. The topic is raised by scientists to clarify the nature of these terms in science, responding to the common misconceptions that "evolution is only a theory"; "it is not a fact"; or that intelligent design offers a credible counter "theory". Evolutionary biologists identify evolution as either fact or theory and occasionally as both or neither. Semantic differences between the usage of these terms (fact and theory) in science versus the meanings they convey in common vernacular have led to confusion in public discourse. In the context of creationists' claims, the word "theory" is used in its vernacular meaning as an imperfect fact or an unsubstantiated speculation, and the purported intent is to discredit or reject the scientific credibility of evolution. However, this claim cannot be substantiated.[1][2][3] Evolutionary theory integrates observations from fossils, DNA sequences, systematics, biogeography, and laboratory experiments into a rational explanatory scheme. In this sense, the scientific (as opposed to the vernacular) definition of theory refers to an overarching framework that makes sense of otherwise disconnected observations. Theodosius Dobzhansky, a key contributor to the modern evolutionary synthesis, articulated the unifying power of evolutionary theory in a famous paper entitled: "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution".[4] Scientific theories in evolutionary biology present causal explanations for the observable and measurable phenomena of life on Earth. Natural selection and the neutral theory are examples of theories of evolution. These and other evolutionary theories can be expressed in mathematical terms of population genetics or through rational logic where human reasoning is applied. Since Darwin, the theory of evolution by means of natural selection has not only been expressed mathematically, but has also been rigorously tested and corroborated empirically by convergent scientific evidence. Evolutionary theories continue to generate new testable hypotheses within paleontology, genetics, ecology, developmental biology, and psychology. Facts refer to "events that occur" or "the state of being of things" that can be publicly verified, proven through experiment, or witnessed by direct observation. Facts exist independent of theory or knowledge of them.[3][5] In science, however, a fact is not a statement of absolute certainty. Scientific knowledge necessarily abandons the concept of absolute certainty to remain consistently conjectural, hypothetical.[6] When referring to or representing facts through theory, scientists (including evolutionary biologists) subscribe to different philosophies, such as scientific realism, materialism, or pragmatism. Accordingly, evolutionary biologists suggest that the scientific method reveals truths about "real nature" that is separate from our thoughts on the matter.[3][7][8][9] That all forms of life on Earth are related by common descent with modification is one of the most reliable and empirically tested theories in science that continues to explain vast numbers of facts in biology.[2]" [10] "When we use the word "theory" in everyday life, we usually mean an idea or a guess, but the word has a much different meaning in science. This video examines the vocabulary essential for understanding the nature of science and evolution and illustrates how evolution is a powerful, well-supported scientific explanation for the relatedness of all life." [11] -------------------- References [1] Gould, Stephen Jay (1981-05-01). "Evolution as Fact and Theory". Discover 2 (5): 34–37. [2] National Academy of Science Institute of Medicine (2008). Science, Evolution, and Creationism. National Academy Press. ISBN 0-309-10586-2. [3] Fitzhugh, K. (2007). "Fact, theory, test and evolution". Zoological Scripta 37 (1): 109–113. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00308.x. [4] Dobzhansky, T. (1973). "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution". The American Biology Teacher 35 (3): 125–129. [5] Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. 2004. pp. 298. ISBN 0-520-24650-0. [6] McIntyre, N.; Popper, K. (1983). "The critical attitude in medicine: The need for a new ethics". British Medical Journal 287 (6409): 1919–1923. PMC 1550184. PMID 6418271. [7] Quinn, J. F.; Dunham, A. E. (1983). "On hypothesis testing in ecology and evolution". The American Naturalist 122 (5): 602–617. [8] Gould, S. J. (2000). "Deconstructing the "Science Wars" by Reconstructing an Old Mold". Science 287: 253–261. [9] Lawson, A. E. (2010). "Basic inferences of scientific reasoning, argumentation, and discovery". Science Education 94 (2): 336–364. doi:10.1002/sce.20357. [10] Evolution as fact and theory. (2013, January 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:42, January 31, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evolution_as_fact_and_theory&oldid=535021761 [11] PBS. Evolving Ideas: Isn't Evolution Just a Theory?. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/e_s_1.html #evolution #theory #science #fact #biology  - Eric Bright
  • take out the in - barrelhater1
  • LOL. When that lady sneezed on that guy on the park bench, it was like a Gallagher show, and she just wipes her nose and acted like nothing happened! - eequalsfb
  • The show me your educated, what is evolution and what mechanism it is that makes it impossible etc. - Ishta5
  • There are 2 main reasons WHY Antibiotics don't work. 1 Doctors are encouraged byt BIG Business To sell them PRESCRIBE THEM. 2 Paitents Stop using the drug before they kill all the bacteria. The RESULT = Stronger bacteria RESISTANCE and MORE DEATHS. - vince38curious2
  • Your the most advanced machine on the planet, if you want to believe that you evolved and that your cousin is a starfish go right ahead. But from my point of view, I can see how, a human could have evolved, to complex. - RespectMyHate
  • @marzhill14 You do realize they have literally thousands of experiments and tangible evidence that can be repeated by anyone. How much do you have that it isn't? - AdamBoozer
  • Exactly. I'm just amazed at how people gobble this stuff down though, and have the nerve to call themselves educated. - RespectMyHate
  • It's a theory - Jake Desaire
  • the personal incredulity fallacy. The evidence shows this, DNA, fossils, ERVs and the nested hierarchy. why are there no horses with wings? if you get evolution you know why. What is evolution and why could horses not have wings? - Ishta5
  • there are facts of evolution and the explanation is the theory - Ishta5
  • This video doesn't prove that darwinian evolution is true, it only assumes it. - Aaron Wentz
  • it is scary, and people tend to stop taking their drugs when they feel better, not knowing that this means that the few bacteria left are just a little better adapted to the environment. and now they are free to take over and we have to find a new drug - Ishta5
  • I work in a hospital and TB is an ongoing nightmare. Historically, I recall reading somewhere that tuberculosis is the leading cause of death. Penicillin is basically worthless these days, and I've heard that it's getting harder and harder to develop effective new antibiotics. - CadicusTheDamned
  • @marzhill14 it is a fact - Ishta5
  • It has always been like that. What did you think only humans evolve? Wrong everything evolves and the bacteria might just prove to be our friends in the long run - 2Crystalight
  • 1:17 - Chris Green
  • Somebody should show this to all the people that still don't believe in evolution in this day and age. - NickySteez
  • I saw that in bio class. Very informative 5/5 - yes4me
  • I came here for Anthropology 101, but the comments are so much more fascinating. - Brian Jensen
  • was that liam neeson i heard in towards the end of this it was him - barrelhater1
  • no more comments.