ideas - Evolving Ideas: Why Does Evolution Matter Now? from pbs
Evolving Ideas: Why Does Evolution Matter Now? from pbs
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@5:10 Liam Neason ? 0.o - Rene Hourian
Evolving Ideas: Why Does Evolution Matter Now? from pbs
*Evolving Ideas: Isn't Evolution Just a Theory?*
" *Evolution as fact and theory* is the basis of a discussion in public and
scientific discourse on the fundamental nature of the scientific philosophy
and practice within evolutionary biology. The topic is raised by scientists
to clarify the nature of these terms in science, responding to the common
misconceptions that "evolution is only a theory"; "it is not a fact"; or
that intelligent design offers a credible counter "theory". Evolutionary
biologists identify evolution as either fact or theory and occasionally as
both or neither. Semantic differences between the usage of these terms
(fact and theory) in science versus the meanings they convey in common
vernacular have led to confusion in public discourse. In the context of
creationists' claims, the word "theory" is used in its vernacular meaning
as an imperfect fact or an unsubstantiated speculation, and the purported
intent is to discredit or reject the scientific credibility of evolution.
However, this claim cannot be substantiated.[1][2][3]
Evolutionary theory integrates observations from fossils, DNA sequences,
systematics, biogeography, and laboratory experiments into a rational
explanatory scheme. In this sense, the scientific (as opposed to the
vernacular) definition of theory refers to an overarching framework that
makes sense of otherwise disconnected observations. Theodosius Dobzhansky,
a key contributor to the modern evolutionary synthesis, articulated the
unifying power of evolutionary theory in a famous paper entitled: "Nothing
in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution".[4]
Scientific theories in evolutionary biology present causal explanations for
the observable and measurable phenomena of life on Earth. Natural selection
and the neutral theory are examples of theories of evolution. These and
other evolutionary theories can be expressed in mathematical terms of
population genetics or through rational logic where human reasoning is
applied. Since Darwin, the theory of evolution by means of natural
selection has not only been expressed mathematically, but has also been
rigorously tested and corroborated empirically by convergent scientific
evidence. Evolutionary theories continue to generate new testable
hypotheses within paleontology, genetics, ecology, developmental biology,
and psychology.
Facts refer to "events that occur" or "the state of being of things" that
can be publicly verified, proven through experiment, or witnessed by direct
observation. Facts exist independent of theory or knowledge of them.[3][5]
In science, however, a fact is not a statement of absolute certainty.
Scientific knowledge necessarily abandons the concept of absolute certainty
to remain consistently conjectural, hypothetical.[6] When referring to or
representing facts through theory, scientists (including evolutionary
biologists) subscribe to different philosophies, such as scientific
realism, materialism, or pragmatism. Accordingly, evolutionary biologists
suggest that the scientific method reveals truths about "real nature" that
is separate from our thoughts on the matter.[3][7][8][9] That all forms of
life on Earth are related by common descent with modification is one of the
most reliable and empirically tested theories in science that continues to
explain vast numbers of facts in biology.[2]" [10]
"When we use the word "theory" in everyday life, we usually mean an idea or
a guess, but the word has a much different meaning in science. This video
examines the vocabulary essential for understanding the nature of science
and evolution and illustrates how evolution is a powerful, well-supported
scientific explanation for the relatedness of all life." [11]
--------------------
References
[1] Gould, Stephen Jay (1981-05-01). "Evolution as Fact and Theory".
Discover 2 (5): 34–37.
[2] National Academy of Science Institute of Medicine (2008). Science,
Evolution, and Creationism. National Academy Press. ISBN 0-309-10586-2.
[3] Fitzhugh, K. (2007). "Fact, theory, test and evolution". Zoological
Scripta 37 (1): 109–113. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00308.x.
[4] Dobzhansky, T. (1973). "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the
light of evolution". The American Biology Teacher 35 (3): 125–129.
[5] Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction. Berkeley and Los Angeles,
California: University of California Press. 2004. pp. 298. ISBN
0-520-24650-0.
[6] McIntyre, N.; Popper, K. (1983). "The critical attitude in medicine:
The need for a new ethics". British Medical Journal 287 (6409): 1919–1923.
PMC 1550184. PMID 6418271.
[7] Quinn, J. F.; Dunham, A. E. (1983). "On hypothesis testing in ecology
and evolution". The American Naturalist 122 (5): 602–617.
[8] Gould, S. J. (2000). "Deconstructing the "Science Wars" by
Reconstructing an Old Mold". Science 287: 253–261.
[9] Lawson, A. E. (2010). "Basic inferences of scientific reasoning,
argumentation, and discovery". Science Education 94 (2): 336–364.
doi:10.1002/sce.20357.
[10] Evolution as fact and theory. (2013, January 26). In Wikipedia, The
Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:42, January 31, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evolution_as_fact_and_theory&oldid=535021761
[11] PBS. Evolving Ideas: Isn't Evolution Just a Theory?.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/e_s_1.html
#evolution #theory #science #fact #biology - Eric Bright
take out the in - barrelhater1
LOL. When that lady sneezed on that guy on the park bench, it was like a
Gallagher show, and she just wipes her nose and acted like nothing happened! - eequalsfb
The show me your educated, what is evolution and what mechanism it is that
makes it impossible etc. - Ishta5
There are 2 main reasons WHY Antibiotics don't work. 1 Doctors are
encouraged byt BIG Business To sell them PRESCRIBE THEM. 2 Paitents Stop
using the drug before they kill all the bacteria. The RESULT = Stronger
bacteria RESISTANCE and MORE DEATHS. - vince38curious2
Your the most advanced machine on the planet, if you want to believe that
you evolved and that your cousin is a starfish go right ahead. But from my
point of view, I can see how, a human could have evolved, to complex. - RespectMyHate
@marzhill14 You do realize they have literally thousands of experiments and
tangible evidence that can be repeated by anyone. How much do you have that
it isn't? - AdamBoozer
Exactly. I'm just amazed at how people gobble this stuff down though, and
have the nerve to call themselves educated. - RespectMyHate
It's a theory - Jake Desaire
the personal incredulity fallacy. The evidence shows this, DNA, fossils,
ERVs and the nested hierarchy. why are there no horses with wings? if you
get evolution you know why. What is evolution and why could horses not have
wings? - Ishta5
there are facts of evolution and the explanation is the theory - Ishta5
This video doesn't prove that darwinian evolution is true, it only assumes
it. - Aaron Wentz
it is scary, and people tend to stop taking their drugs when they feel
better, not knowing that this means that the few bacteria left are just a
little better adapted to the environment. and now they are free to take
over and we have to find a new drug - Ishta5
I work in a hospital and TB is an ongoing nightmare. Historically, I recall
reading somewhere that tuberculosis is the leading cause of death.
Penicillin is basically worthless these days, and I've heard that it's
getting harder and harder to develop effective new antibiotics. - CadicusTheDamned
@marzhill14 it is a fact - Ishta5
It has always been like that. What did you think only humans evolve? Wrong
everything evolves and the bacteria might just prove to be our friends in
the long run - 2Crystalight
1:17 - Chris Green
Somebody should show this to all the people that still don't believe in
evolution in this day and age. - NickySteez
I saw that in bio class. Very informative 5/5 - yes4me
I came here for Anthropology 101, but the comments are so much more
fascinating. - Brian Jensen
was that liam neeson i heard in towards the end of this it was him - barrelhater1